Hello and welcome to my blog! My name is Caroline and I am a PhD student at the University of Sheffield. My research project focuses on Striga - a genus of parasitic plants that devastates harvests by infecting food crops. I am exploring the defence reactions that can make host plants more resistant against Striga. Due to my ongoing battles with anorexia, I haven't made as much progress as I would have liked but I am determined to finish the course.


This blog charts the ups and downs of life in the lab, plus my dreams to become a science communicator and forays into public engagement and science policy....all while trying to keep my mental and physical health intact. Along the way, I'll also be sharing new plant science stories, and profiles of some of the researchers who inspire me on this journey. So whether you have a fascination for plants, are curious about what science research involves, or just wonder what exactly I do all day, read on - I hope you find it entertaining!


Thursday, 12 January 2017

The Little Event 2017 - for BIG ideas in Science Communication!

“On my count then – three, two, one – RUBBER CHICKEN!!!!”

What on earth was I doing jumping up and down and screaming at the top of my lungs with forty other people at the ThinkTank Science Museum in Birmingham?! We were all here because we had one thing in common - we were budding young Science Communicators who wanted to turn our passion into a thrilling career. Each year, BIG (the UK-based network for STEM Communicators) organise a 'Little Event' for those just starting their journeys in Science Communication to help them both develop key skills (e.g. presenting, planning engagement activities, evaluation) and scout out the job market. As for the jumping up and down…David Price was simply warming us up before his masterclass on presenting skills!

"Studies have found that we trust TV presenters more than journalists, even though they basically do the same job' David said. "The difference is that TV presenters bring a bit of themselves into what they present". Clearly Dave is an expert at doing this. Despite having no formal science qualifications, his passion for the subject ultimately led to him setting up Science Made Simple, which delivers interactive science workshops to schools and festivals. A key lesson for today was how to use props strategically to captivate audiences. What could be better, for instance, than a giant whoopee cushion to explain that sounds are caused by vibrations?  When the hilarity following this demonstration had died down, it was our turn to come on stage and take it in turns to present mystery random objects from David’s bottomless bag. There were some very imaginative stories – particularly when we couldn’t work out what the object even were!



Demonstrating that sound is caused by vibrations.....using the world's second largest Whooppee Cushion! (inflated with a hairdryer)
Later on, Bridget Holligan from ScienceOxford shared some sound advice in approaching the job market. For myself, I was reassured to hear that it isn't always necessary to have a specific science communication qualification and that a PhD can even be viewed favourably under some circumstances. "There are a growing number of science communication jobs in universities and an understanding of the research environment is often appreciated" said Bridget. But with competition so fierce, a PhD alone certainly isn’t enough to land a Sci-Comm job. We were all encouraged to get involved with as many activities as possible to bump up our CVs: science festivals, school projects, STEM Ambassador schemes and so on. "Your progression is your responsibility; no one else will do it for you” said Rachel. 


Careers session: speed-dating style


We then had a lively speed dating round so we could pitch our burning questions to Sci-Comm workers from a range of sectors. It struck me that a career in Sci-Comm is rarely a straightforward progression: instead, periods of unemployment, freelancing or a series of temporary contracts seem to be the norm. Learning how to cope with (and bounce back from) redundancy was something many had learnt the hard way. "It is a very fluid field and lots of jobs are lost, but also created' said Dom MacDonald from the Wellcome Trust. “Remember that redundancy is almost never personal. The best thing you can do is to build a network of people around you to look out for you".


Our venue - The ThinkTank Science Museum, Birmingham


Dom then introduced us to his toolkit to make the daunting task of Project Evaluation “as painless as possible”. The most critical thing is to define what success looks like before you begin – “Only then can you be honest about what you have achieved'. For instance, if 300 people turn up to your event, how do you know if that is good or bad unless you already set a target? And take the time to consider which data is most relevant.  “Just because you can measure it, that doesn't make it valuable” Dom said, “Instead, know what you value, then measure it". Unless you know what you want to look for, whole areas of success can be missed. A public engagement event that only attracts a low turnout may be regarded as a failure, but this could still have had good coverage in the local press, inspired those who attended and led to new collaborations. 


Mechanical Things exhibition, ThinkTank Museum


To round off the day, Rachel Mason from BIG took us through a whirlwind tour of project management - a task that is “a bit like learning to repair a puncture if you want to cycle - it's necessary admin." It seems you can never start to plan too far in advance, and that working backwards from the event makes everything a lot easier. When it comes to budgeting, little extras quickly add up so always leave room for contingency. It's incredible how much more a litre of orange juice costs if you are paying someone to pour it into a jug!


Putting our heads together in the Project Management session


The venue, the activities, the fascinating range of people .... the Little Event has certainly cemented my desire to enter the dynamic, exciting and rapidly evolving world of science communication. That said, I'm much more aware of the challenges that this could involve: multiple redundancies, constantly hunting for funding and having to live in London to name a few. But perhaps it's the challenge that makes the job more satisfying and the moments when you know you have inspired someone more worthwhile. And, as BIG and the Little Event have shown me, we are all in this together!

Friday, 6 January 2017

New Beginnings...

Happy 2017! Even though the department is still very quiet from the Christmas/New Year exodus, things are already getting underway for some of my projects. First up - I finally took the plunge and joined Twitter! After holding out for so long, I gave in. It is now clear to me that tweeting and hashtags are NOT going to be just a passing fad- it has now got to the stage where many Sci-Comm job descriptions (especially the sorts of jobs I dream about) specifically require "Expertise on using all forms of social media especially and including Twitter" !! So you can now find me as "part of the great conversation" with the username @sciencedestiny. It's just as well because I will be using Twitter extensively in my role as head of Publicity for the upcoming Pint of Science Festival - a fantastically exciting event which the University of Sheffield is hosting in May.
Oooh my first Tweet!....such pressure, whatever shall I write??!


Why a 'Pint' of Science? you may ask. The idea of the festival is to bring exciting science and the public together in probably the most convivial of settings...the Great British Pub. Over three evenings, researchers from the university will be giving interactive talks in watering houses across the city covering everything from technology, zoology, psychology and the role of science in society. Since it started it 2012, the idea has spread across the world, with cities in Europe, the USA, Australasia and even Africa taking part. Sheffield hosted the festival for the first time last year and it was a tremendous success, with many of the talks being sold out (you can see my post on volunteering at the festival in 2016 here). But this year it will be bigger and (hopefully!) even BETTER, with twice as many talks....and it will be my job to get bums on seats. At the brainstorming meeting this week , we left no stone unturned - leafleting in the city, Facebook, Student radio, email alerts, local newspapers and radio....and of course Twitter!

I do hope I haven't taken on too much...I may have had a gentle re-introduction to my PhD but once my lab work starts in earnest, things could start to get a bit demanding.... Keep watching as I will be posting regularly on our progress, especially after the programme of speakers is finalised. And in the meantime, when inspiration strikes I will endeavour to share my thoughts on Twitter....if you're already active in the Twittersphere, why not follow me and see what I get up to?



Monday, 19 December 2016

Wrapping up for Christmas...

With only six days to go until Christmas (how did THAT happen?!), I am slowly starting to pick up a little of the festive spirit. Until now, it's been difficult - distracted as I have been with my upgrade report. But this morning, I sent it off to my supervisor who has promised to look over it during the Christmas break. Hopefully there won't be too many corrections to make before I can then submit the final version and my lab work can begin in earnest.

With my report sent off, I was free to join in the Departmental Christmas Party. Although the beer was flowing freely, the highlight for everyone was the famously imaginative Christmas Quiz, featuring just about every supervisor, lecturer and technician in the building. The rounds included everything from a"Swapped-Faces" photo round, to cryptic riddles that tenuously linked to a supervisor's surname, to "Car-Pool Karaoke"... but perhaps things got a little out of hand for the 'Modelling Round'. I had naively presumed this would involve plasticine...instead, we were challenged to dress one of our team in an outfit appropriate for our Head of Department to wear for one of his preferred leisure pursuits....using toilet roll. Some teams got quite competitive with this; fortunately our Head of Department took it all in good humour!

My favourite had to be the round where staff members had been transposed into famous movie scenes....anyone remember when someone "just had to go" in Jurassic Park? Might be a while before that staff member lives it down!

The Departmental Christmas Party - featuring the famously imaginative quiz

Now that the party's over, the labs will rapidly start emptying for the holidays. And I too will be heading home for a few days with my parents. Work never stops though as I do have a few writing projects to work on during the 'downtime'. Given that my research will (hopefully) be even busier next year, it's vital that I start to limit these extra-curricular activities ...the trouble is, I just can't seem to say 'no', especially when I spot the makings of a good story!

So with that, I wish you a very Happy Christmas - may the festive season bring you many opportunities for sharing happiness and peaceful times with your loved ones. And I give you my best wishes for the new year.

Thanks for reading!
Things get a bit out of hand in the 'Modelling Round'....

Wednesday, 7 December 2016

An interview with Cathie Martin - the genius behind super purple tomatoes!




This week, our department had a very special visitor indeed –Professor Cathie Martin, plant biotechnologist extraordinaire and the genius behind the original ‘purple tomato’. Using genetic engineering, her lab was able to express genes from Snapdragon that regulate the production of anthocyanin compounds that give the flowers their purple pigmentation. Anthocyanins have been demonstrated to help combat cardiovascular disease, but it can be difficult to obtain enough from diet alone. Since then, Cathie has gone on to develop other tomatoes, including one with the equivalent amount of the ‘miracle compound’ resveratrol as 50 bottles of red wine! With an MBE to services for plant biotechnology, several patents and a spin-out company to her name (not to mention publications beyond count), I couldn’t resist grabbing her for a quick interview!

How did you first become interested in plant science?

When I started my degree in Natural Sciences (at Cambridge University), I was originally an animal person but then I was presented with a crab in a practical class which I had to put in boiling water! I never did…at that point I decided to focus on plants instead, but also because I really enjoyed the biochemistry of plant physiology. 

How did you get into plant genetics?

My PhD was actually on the effect of Gibberellic Acid ( a plant hormone) on the germination of castor oil seeds…but I very quickly developed an allergy to them. I couldn’t even go into a room where they had been prepared. Towards the end, I went to a seminar by David Baulcombe on the effects of Gibberellic Acid on barley and wheat and he was doing genetics with mutants. I thought “That’s what’s missing from my research!” Plus this was not work on castor oil seeds! So I switched to genetics for my postdoc. 

Cathie Martin, an extraordinary plant biotechnologist


How did your work on bio-fortified tomatoes begin?

For a long time, I worked on Antirrhinum majus (Garden Snapdragon) because I was interested in the genetics of flower colour and transposable elements. Then I met a woman doctor in Italy who told me how important anthocyanins are in the diet, especially in the Mediterranean diet. I thought that this could be a different approach for me to understand biosynthesis of polyphenol compounds in plants, so I started to collaborate with her on the health benefits. We chose tomato because its relatively easy to transform, there are lots of mutant lines available and I quite like to eat them!

What do you see for the future of bio-fortified foods? Will it spread to other crops?

Johnathan Napier’s lab at Rothamsted research are already producing oilseed crops enriched in omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (see previous Blog post). But I think there will be a whole slew of fortified crops in the future – especially for countries that have less diversity of foods – including ones with high iron, zinc and pro-Vitamin A. Some will be produced using GM techniques and some by non-GM techniques, depending on what resources are available. There are alternative ways to obtain these high amounts of course – but I personally don’t see the future as being “eat all the junk food you like and take a pill at the end”. I rather prefer the idea that everyone improves their diets because it’s better for the long term. A particular problem for our next generation of adults is that they have been brought up on a lot of junk food and there has been such a decline of proper mealtimes and home cooking. 

What about those who feel strongly against GM technologies?

People have many reasons for not choosing GM foods but I don’t think most people in this country even consider it. They would think about price and quality, and whether it is GM or not wouldn’t be a deciding factor. A friend of mine even complained when Sainsbury’s pulled the GM Flavr Savr tomato off the shelves because she was losing choice. People are quick to complain about choice, but we don’t have a choice at the moment. So long as it’s clearly labelled and safe, people should at least be able to choose. 

What do you like doing when you’re not in the lab?

I love code words and Sudoku, and also walking in Majorca because of the fantastic scenery there. Also looking after our nine cats – my husband said we won’t bother neutering the females because we’ll make sure they don’t get out…that was a mistake!

Finally, any advice for aspiring plant scientists?

Plant science is fantastic because your material is always accessible – they don’t run away! But it is also really interesting as plants are simply not the same as animals. People don’t realise that you can do an awful lot on plants – especially molecular analysis and imaging – and it’s much less competitive than other fields, such as medicine. And, at the end of the day, you can eat them!

For more information about Cathie and her work, click here